Cross Cultural Communication

In different societies people speak differently, not only because they speak different languages but because their ways of using language are different. These differences can be profound and systematic. Today’s transnational flows of people, ideas, languages, and practices mean that we encounter these differences in contexts ranging from home, school, hospital, workplaces, to international business, tourism, diplomacy and humanitarian work. This drives the need to understand both ‘cross-cultural communication’ (communication across different groups and societies) and ‘intercultural communication’ (communication within groups and societies). How people choose to interact with others stems from the languages they speak, and also from their histories, the values of the groups they identify with, their relations with their interactants, the goals of the interaction, the setting in which it takes place and the medium (digital, face-to-face, written). We explore these from a linguistic perspective, critically examining the empirical basis for claims made about communication in societies and language communities around the world. A general framework for understanding verbal as well as non-verbal communication across and between groups is outlined, drawing on insights from linguistics, psychology, anthropology, media and communication studies.